This "Story of The Maumee Valley, Toledo and The Sandusky Region", is hereby dedicated to
the memory of Colonel Sheldon C. Reynolds, whose distinguished figure daily graced the old
Toledo Produce Exchange floor in the early years of my newspaper career, when "The Markets
and Exchange" were my regular reportorial assignments, and where pleasurable incidents took
place which time can never efface.
Colonel Reynolds is also remembered as the president, then Chairman of the Board of Directors
of The First National Bank, "Toledo's oldest bank," and as prominent in other leading business
and civic enterprises of Toledo.
THE EDITOR.
FOREWORD
A writer of history is comparable to an artist—a landscape painter. The artist paints his picture on
canvas and the historian spreads his scene on the printed page. The painter must first become
imbued with the spirit expressed in his theme. There must be the inspiration of true art, that his
brush may transfer this inspiration to the canvas. After becoming thoroughly infused with the
spirit of his idea, he sketches in the groundwork for his picture, then sets himself to his real task.
Obtaining his proper distance, perspective, and background, he then gradually works out the
details, the lights and shadows.
How like the work of the historian. The background is most important to an intelligent
understanding by the reader of the details of the story as it unfolds. Like the painter he must be
thoroughly saturated with his subject and enter into the spirit of his undertaking. His word picture
must reflect his interest.
And what subjects for the historical writer to elucidate are the Maumee and Sandusky valleys ! In
these sections were enacted the great dramas upon which depended the fate of a New Republic.
Upon the banks of the beautiful Maumee was fought at Fallen Timbers the last battle of the
American Revolution; although American independence was not an actuality even then. It had
been declared but not achieved. Real independence did not come until the War of 1812, when
General Harrison successfully defended Fort Meigs, the military key to the great Northwest,
against British siege ; when Perry defeated the British fleet on Lake Erie; and as a finality, when
Harrison routed Proctor at the Canadian Thames. Had these conflicts gone against the
Americans, the territory north of the Ohio River, including the Maumee and Sandusky, might
with Canada, be shown on the map as a British possession.
However, the Maumee River section cannot claim all the historical honors. At the mouth of the
Sandusky was built the first military post within the bounds of present Ohio. Midway on the
course of this "road that runs" was built, the first permanent home of a white family within this
great state; and both
vi - FOREWORD
rivers share alike the distinction of being the great thoroughfares of the red man between the
Great Lakes and the Ohio, and the south and southwest. From the dawn of American history
French and English traders plied their canoes up and down these streams, and in earliest times
French traders on the Maumee and French and English traders on the Sandusky, had their posts.
With it all, the Sandusky had its Fort Ball, Fort Seneca and Fort Stephenson and the Maumee
boasted its Fort Defiance and two Forts Miami.
The reason for the Maumee and Sandusky region being so rich in history lies in the fact that from
time immemorial this territory has been coveted by man as a delightful abiding place. Prehistoric
man, it is known, was a habitant here. The American Indian loved the woods and water courses
so lavish in their bountiful blessing's. The French and English braved dangers and hardships in
order to explore these regions centuries ago. In the desire for its possession these two nations
waged bitter contests of long duration and even wars. Then the English of the mother country
were loath to give it up after the French had surrendered their claims.
As in the centuries past the beautiful Maumee and Sandusky valleys still hold their charm today.
And it is not alone because of their wonderful commercial advantages, nor from the fact that this
section is the garden spot of the world that developments are progressing by leaps and bounds.
There is no finer scenic beauty of its character on all the continent than found along the Maumee
and Sandusky and upon their tributary streams. There are delightful situations for large estates
and beautiful homes, and the seed sown by the pioneer, attended by untold hardships and deeds
of heroism, have ripened into rich and bountiful harvests.
The story of it all, abounding in romance and tragedy, is more fascinating than any tale of fiction.
Consequently, no individual should be unfamiliar with these events as they unfold in each
chapter. Again, in these days of modern methods of travel, when millions of people yearly seek
out the charming scenic loveliness of the Maumee and Sandusky rivers as a restful enjoyment
from the grind and toil of this commercial age, how much more delightful if they can intelligently
read the story of the past brought into view at each bend in the road. For there
FOREWORD - vii
is a nook near every milepost which holds within its affectionate embrace a fascinating tale. As
one travels about, either in city or village or in the broad, open space, be it for business or
pleasure, life is made more interesting, more enjoyable, provided that one knows the story of the
locality he is traversing.
Much has been written about the Maumee and Sandusky country of great merit, but priceless new
material is continually being brought to light by research work. Then, too, there are great masses
of human interest stories concerning the social conditions and everyday life of our people that
have never appeared in, print. They hold more value and a deeper interest than the details of
conquests, diplomatic contests and wars.
In these volumes relating "The Story of the Maumee Valley, Toledo and the Sandusky Region,"
much rich, new material appears of a social character concerning its people, the conditions of
living and descriptions of early home life. The history of communities is told by a writer who has
his subject near to his heart; one who has devoted his life to his subject and has a deep interest in
his work; one who delights in the waters and woods and the beauties of the country he writes
about; one who knows the growth of the cities and villages and communities where the scenes of
his narratives are laid and unfold. Accuracy is a vital point, and in treating his subject in a more
human interest way than has ever before been attempted, it is hoped a new historical interest will
be awakened in the minds of the readers, that will draw approval and commendation.
THE EDITOR.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Acknowledgment has been given at the various points in this story to those who have so
generously contributed their knowledge on special subjects; and to the Ohio Archaeological and
Historical Society is due special mention for permission to draw generously from its pages
information on various topics.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I-IN THE BEGINNING
THE GLACIAL EPOCH-WORK OF THE GLACIERS IN THE MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY
REGION-PRE-GLACIAL OR GLACIAL MAN 1
CHAPTER II-THE MOUND BUILDERS
WHO WERE THE MOUNDMEN?-EXTENT OF THEIR OPERATIONS-OHIO THEIR
FAVORITE ABODE-THEIR GREATEST MONUMENTS-EVIDENCES OF THEIR WORK
IN NORTHWESTERN OHIO 7
CHAPTER III-THE AMERICAN INDIAN
ORIGIN OF THE INDIANS-THEIR ORGANIZATION, GOVERNMENT, HABITS,
MENTALITY, RELIGION 19
CHAPTER IV-THE OHIO INDIAN
FRIES THE EARLIEST KNOWN TRIBE-CONTEST WITH THE IROQUOIS-THE OHIO
COUNTRY TRIBES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION 22
CHAPTER V-INDIAN TREATIES
FIRST TREATY AFFECTING OHIO LANDS-THE GREENVILLE TREATY-TREATY AT
THE MAUMEE RAPIDS-OTHER PARLEYS AND TREATIES 29
CHAPTER VI-BEGINNING OF OHIO INDIAN REMOVAL
GRADUAL WITHDRAWAL AFTER THE REVOLUTION FROM THE MAUMEE AND
SANDUSKY-SAD STORIES OF THEIR DEPARTURE-THE WYANDOTS THE LAST TO
GO-SCENES AS THEY LEFT THE UPPER SANDUSKY-MORE PARTICULARS OF THE
"RAPIDS" TREATY 37
CHAPTER VII-FIRST WHITE MAN IN THIS SECTION
CONDITIONS ON THE MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY THEN-ETIENNE BRULETHE
COUREURS DE BOIS-THEORIES OF FIRST EXPLORERS-OPENING CONTESTS FOR
TERRITORIAL POSSESSION-ENGLAND, FRANCE AND SPAIN 49
CHAPTER VIII- FRENCH ARRIVAL IN AMERICA
CARTIER AND OTHERS ON THE ST. LAWRENCE-SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN
-EXPLOITS OF LA SALLE-BUILDS FORTS-FRENCH CLAIMS 57
ix
x - CONTENTS
CHAPTER IX-PERMANENT FOOTHOLD OF THE ENGLISH
JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT-HENDRIK HUDSON-THE "PILGRIM FATHERS"-
COLONIZATION OF NEW ENGLAND-EARLY NEW ENGLAND AND SEABOARD
SETTLEMENTS-CONFLICTS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE-TREATIES OF
RYSWICK AND AIX LA CHAPELLE-DETROIT FOUNDED-THE CONTEST NARROWS
66
CHAPTER X-CONTEST FOR POSSESSION OF OHIO COUNTRY
CHARACTER OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH-FIRST CLASH AT MOUTH OF
SANDUSKY-THE NICHOLAS CONSPIRACY-FORTS SANDOSKI AND
JUNUNDAT-FRENCH ESTABLISH FORT AT PRESQUE ISLE (ERIE, PA.) AND
DUQUESNE AND JUNUNDAT-ENGLISH ADVANCE UPON NOW OHIO-ORGANIZE
OHIO LAND COMPANY 72
CHAPTER XI-THE CELORON EXPEDITION
ENCIRCLES MOST OF NOW OHIO TO CLINCH FRENCH CLAIMS-PLANTS LEADEN
PLATES-DESCRIPTION OF THEIR JOURNEY DOWN THE MAUMEE RIVER-THE
RESULT 79
CHAPTER XII-EXPEDITION OF CHRISTOPHER GIST
GIST WITH MONTOUR AND CROGHAN MAKE A TOUR FOR THE OHIO
COMPANY-REACH PICKAWILLANY-MEET OLD BRITAIN-FRENCH DESTROY
PICKAWILLANY-OLD BRITAIN MURDERED 87
CHAPTER XIII-FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
GEORGE. WASHINGTON SENT TO AVERT A CRISIS-HIS SUCCESS AND
DEFEAT-GREAT MEADOWS-BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT AND DEATH-CHANGE IN THE
INDIAN ATTITUDE-THE ALBANY COUNCIL-ENGLAND DECLARES WAR AGAINST
FRANCE-VICTORY FOR ENGLAND AND PEACE 92
CHAPTER XIV-ENGLISH ASSUME CONTROL IN THE LAKE REGION
MISSION OF MAJOR ROBERT ROGERS-SENT TO POSSESS FORTS-MEETS
PONTIAC-COMPARATIVE CALM IN MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY REGION-SITUATION
NOT HELPFUL TO INDIANS-THE QUEBEC ACT 102
CHAPTER XV
STORY OF JAMES SMITH, INDIAN CAPTIVE-1755-1759
TRAVELS UP AND DOWN THE SANDUSKY-TWO WINTERS IN SCIOTO
REGION-SUNNYENDEAND ON SANDUSKY BAY-DESCRIBES HUNTING
EXPEDITIONS ON MAUMEE BAY AND ON SANDUSKY PLAINS 106
CHAPTER XVI-THE CONSPIRACY OF PONTIAC
INDIAN TRIBES CONNECTED WITH PLOT-SIEGE OF DETROIT-DETROIT, FORT PITT
AND NIAGARA ONLY, WITHSTAND THE ATTACKS-END OF THE GREAT
CONSPIRATOR-BELONGED IN MAUMEE REGION 114
CONTENTS - xi
CHAPTER XVII-EXPEDITION OF BRADSTREET
INDIANS STILL HOSTILE—RAID BORDER SETTLEMENTS—BRADSTREET VISITS
SANDUSKY COUNTRY AND DETROIT—CAMPED AT NOW FREMONT - ISRAEL
PUTNAM CONSPICUOUS FIGURE — OLD NEUTRAL TOWNS THERE—FAMOUS
TOUR OF CAPTAIN THOMAS MORRIS IN MAUMEE REGION 129
CHAPTER XVIII-EXPEDITION OF COLONEL HENRY BOUQUET
SETS OUT FROM FORT PITT TO SUBDUE THE INDIANS—GLOWING DESCRIP-TION
OF HIS WESTWARD JOURNEY—MEETS LEADING CHIEFS NEAR PRESENT
COSHOCTON—INDIANS MAKE PEACE AND SURRENDER WHITE
PRISONERS—SCENES AT THE SURRENDER—SUCCESS OF EXPE-DITION 139 ,
CHAPTER XIX-ADVANCE OF BORDER SETTLEMENTS
EMBASSY OF GEORGE CROGHAN—VISIT TO THE WABASH AND ILLINOIS
SECTION—MEETS PONTIAC—CONFERENCES ON MAUMEE AND DETROIT —THE
OHIO COMPANY AGAIN—OTHER LAND PROJECTS—DETROIT SEAT OF BRITISH
AFFAIRS 151
CHAPTER XX-OPENING OF REVOLUTION IN THE WEST
PRELIMINARY SITUATION — CORNSTALK'S CONFEDERACY — "CRESAP'S
WAR"—DUNMORE WAR—BATTLE OF POINT PLEASANT—CORNSTALK MAKES
PEACE WITH DUNMORE—CHIEF LOGAN—WESTERN PATRIOTISM
RAMPANT—RESOLUTIONS OF LIBERTY PASSED 161
CHAPTER XXI - THE GREAT NORTHWEST IN THE REVOLUTION
ACTIVITIES IN MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY COUNTRY—BRITISH MILITARY AND
CIVIL HEADQUARTERS AT DETROIT—CONGRESS CREATES INDIAN
DEPARTMENTS— MURDER OF CHIEF CORNSTALK—FIRST SIEGE OF FORT HENRY
182
CHAPTER XXII-STORY OF DANIEL BOONE
HAMILTON IN CONTROL AT DETROIT—PLANS INDIAN RAIDS—BOONE'S
CAPTIVITY AND ESCAPE—OTHER STIRRING EVENTS 188
CHAPTER XXIII-THE RENEGADES
STORY OF THE GIRTY BROTHERS—ALEXANDER McKEE AND MATTHEW
ELLIOTT—SIMON GIRTY THE KING OF OUTLAWS—HIS BROTHERS JAMES AND
GEORGE GIRTY ALSO ACTIVE—RENEGADE INFLUENCE IN THE MAUMEE AND
SANDUSKY REGION 192
xii - CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXIV
GEORGE ROGERS CLARK'S CONQUEST OF THE WEST
HIS OWN STORY—PATRICK HENRY APPROVED CLARK'S PLANS—HIS START
FROM RED STONE—REACHES FORT MASSAC—CAPTURE OF KASKASKIA - AID OF
FATHER GIBAULT—CAPTAIN HELM OCCUPIES VINCENNES - CLARK PACIFIES THE
INDIANS—ATTEMPT AT CLARK'S CAPTURE--NEWS OF CLARK'S CONQUEST—
BRITISH USE OF INDIANS—HAMILTON STARTS FOR VINCENNES—SURRENDER OF
VINCENNES TO HAMILTON —CLARK STARTS FOR VINCENNES—GREAT
DIFFICULTIES OF HIS MARCH—CLARK ATTACKS FORT SACKVILLE—SURRENDER
OF HAMILTON—CREATION OF ILLINOIS COUNTY 203
CHAPTER XXV-SIR HENRY HAMILTON
BRITISH COMMANDER AT DETROIT—HIS OWN STORY OF VINCENNES
CAMPAIGN—HIS EXPEDITION PASSES UP THE MAUMEE—DIFFICULTIES OF HIS
JOURNEY—RETAKES VINCENNES—TREACHERY OF YOUNG CELORON AND
OTHERS—HAMILTON'S ACCOUNT OF HIS SURRENDER—HIS CONFINEMENT AS A
PRISONER—HIS PAROLE—FINALLY REACHES LONDON—COMPARISON OF HIS
STORY WITH CLARK'S 247
CHAPTER XXVI-OPERATIONS IN THE OHIO REGION
ATTACK ON FORT RANDOLPH—THE "SQUAW CAMPAIGN"—FORT McINTOSH
BUILT—ALSO FORT LAURENS—BRODHEAD DESTROYS GOSCHOCHGUNG—STORY
OF SIMON KENTON—OHIO INVASION BY BOWMAN AND THEN GEORGE ROGERS
CLARK—SITUATION WITH BRITISH AT DETROIT 267
CHAPTER XXVII-
SANDUSKY CAMPAIGN OF COLONEL CRAWFORD
THE SANDUSKY PLAINS—PLANS FOR CRAWFORD'S INVASION—MARCH TO THE
UPPER SANDUSKY—CONTEST AT BATTLE ISLAND—SECOND DAY'S
BATTLE—RETREAT OF CRAWFORD—BATTLE OF OLENTANGYCAPTURE OF
CRAWFORD—HIS TORTURE AND DEATH—FATE OF DOCTOR KNIGHT AND
RETURN EAST OF AMERICAN FORCES 279
CHAPTER XXVIII-CLOSE OF REVOLUTION IN THE EAST
WESTERN EVENTS DURING THE PERIOD—BATTLE OF THE BLUE LICKSCLARK'S
SECOND INVASION OF OHIO—SECOND SIEGE OF FORT HENRY —GREAT COUNCIL
AT DETROIT—AMERICANS TREAT WITH INDIANSFORT HARMAR
BUILT—AMERICANS PLAN SURVEYS WHILE BRITISH STILL HOLD LAKE POSTS 293
CHAPTER XXIX-THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY
INDIAN TREATIES—OHIO COUNTRY LAND SURVEYS—BRITISH STILL ATTEMPT
AMERICAN DISRUPTION—ORDINANCE OF 1787—OHIO COMPANY OF
ASSOCIATES—SETTLEMENT AT MARIETTA—OFFICERS OF THE NORTHWEST
TERRITORY—FORT WASHINGTON ESTABLISHED - 301
CONTENTS - xiii
CHAPTER XXX-CAMPAIGN OF GENERAL HARMAR
HIS ARMY A MOTLEY GATHERING-MARCHES NORTH FROM FORT
WASHINGTON-REACHES HEAD OF MAUMEE RIVER-GLARING DISPLAY OF
INEFFICIENCY OF OFFICERS AND MEN-HIS DEFEAT AT SITE OF PRESENT FORT
WAYNE-RETREAT OF DISORGANIZED FORCES-HARMAR RESIGNS
COMMAND-ELATION OF VICTORIOUS SAVAGES 308
CHAPTER XXXI-CAMPAIGN OF GENERAL ST. CLAIR
MACHINATIONS OF THE BRITISH-BIG BOTTOM MASSACRE-EXPEDITION OF SCOTT
AND WILKINSON-ST. CLAIR GATHERS FORCES-HIS ADVANCE NORTH FROM NEAR
FORT WASHINGTON-SURPRISE ATTACK OF THE SAVAGES AT SITE OF LATER
FORT RECOVERY-DEFEATED AMERICANS RETREAT IN DISORDER-PRESIDENT
WASHINGTON ON ST. CLAIR'S DEFEAT-RESIGNATION OF ST. CLAIR 315
CHAPTER XXXII
PRELIMINARIES TO A THIRD MAUMEE EXPEDITION
BORDER SETTLERS PETITION FOR PROTECTION-AMERICAN-BRITISH
SITUATION-AMERICANS STILL TRY FOR PEACE-BRITISH ATTEMPT TO BLOCK
INDIAN-AMERICAN TREATIES-SPAIN ALSO FERMENTS INDIAN ANTAGONISM-WAR
THE ONLY ALTERNATIVE 324
CHAPTER XXXIII-CAMPAIGN OF GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE
WAYNE ASSEMBLES AN ARMY-MOVES TOWARD THE MAUMEE-ESTABLISHES
FORT GREENVILLE-POSSESSION OF FORT RECOVERY SITE-ATTACK BY LITTLE
TURTLE-BRITISH OCCUPY FORT MIAMI-WAYNE BUILDS FORT
DEFIANCE-ADVANCE DOWN THE MAUMEE-FORT DEPOSIT AND ROCHE DE
BOEUF-ADVANCE TO PRESQUE ISLE AND FALLEN TIMBERS-DEFEAT AND PANIC
OF INDIANS-WAYNE DESTROYS CROPS AND VILLAGES-NEAR CLASH WITH
BRITISH AT FORT MIAMI-AMERICANS RETURN TO DEFIANCE AND FORT
WAYNEINDIANS DESIRE PEACE TREATY-STORY OF WILLIAM WELLS AND
WILLIAM MAY 331
CHAPTER XXXIV-THE GREENVILLE TREATY
GREAT ASSEMBLAGE OF INDIANS AT GREENVILLE-WAYNE'S DIPLOMACY
-NATURE OF THE COMPACT-INCIDENTS OF WAYNE'S CAMPAIGN-FALLEN
TIMBERS LAST BATTLE OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION-HISTORICAL COMMENTS OF
GEN. W. H. HARRISON 356
CHAPTER XXXV
OFFICIAL REVIEW CONCERNING THE NORTHWEST
THE BOUQUET AND HALDIMAND PAPERS-ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS CONCERNING
THE MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY REGION-BRITISH LETTERS AND
CORRESPONDENCE FROM 1761 TO 1795-THE TRUTH ABOUT FORT MIAMI AND
FORT INDUSTRY-BRITISH EVIDENTLY BUILT FORT INDUSTRY-CORRESPONDENCE
OF EARLY SANDUSKY AND MAUMEE RIVER TRADERS-MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY
EARLY ROUTES OF TRAVEL - 369
xiv - CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXXVI-THE ROYAL NAVY OF THE UPPER LAKES
HISTORY OF BRITISH SEA POWER ON ERIE AND SISTER LAKES FROM 1763 UNTIL
1796 415
CHAPTER XXXVII-PROGRESS OF EVENTS IN THE NORTHWEST
INFLUX OF SETTLERS-AMERICAN-INDIAN-BRITISH SITUATION-THE JAY
TREATY-BRITISH FINALLY SURRENDER FORTS-GENERAL WILKIN-SON
SUPERSEDES WAYNE-DESIGNS OF THE SPANISH AND BRITISH-WAYNE COUNTY
ESTABLISHED-COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DETROIT AND OHIO RIVER-THE
WESTERN RESERVE AND FIRE LANDS 436
CHAPTER XXXVIII
BEGINNING OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
FIRST TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE-CINCINNATI SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. -
INDIANA TERRITORY FORMED-LOUISIANA PURCHASE-CHILLICOTHE MADE
TERRITORIAL CAPITAL-MOVE FOR STATEHOOD-FIRST CONSTI-TUTIONAL
CONVENTION-OHIO BECOMES A STATE-IMPORTANT INDIAN TREATIES-LAND
OFFICES ESTABLISHED 444
CHAPTER XXXIX
HOSTILITIES BETWEEN U. S. AND ENGLAND AGAIN
CAUSE OF THE BREACH-INDIAN SITUATION A FACTOR-TECUMSEH'S INDIAN
FEDERATION SCHEME-TECUMSEH MEETS HARRISON-BATTLE OF
TIPPECANOE-HARRISON DISPLAYS GREAT GENERALSHIP AND
BRAVERY-PARTICULARS OF THE IMPORTANT CONTEST-WAR DECLARED 452
CHAPTER XL-WAR OF 1812 OPENS IN THE WEST
OHIO MILITIA CALLED OUT-RENDEZVOUS OF ARMY AT DAYTON-GEN-ERAL HULL
CHOSEN COMMANDER-TROOPS BUILD FORTS ON NORTH-WARD MARCH-DETROIT
THE OBJECTIVE-ROUTE OF THE ARMY-ARRIVAL AT DETROIT-DETAILS OF HULL'S
CAMPAIGN AND SUR-RENDER-RELIEF EXPEDITION OF CAPTAIN BRUSH-CAUSE OF
HULL'S FAILURE-PROCEEDINGS AT CHICAGO, AND DISASTER AT FORT
DEARBORN 474
CHAPTER XLI-OPERATIONS OF HARRISON AND WINCHESTER
WINCHESTER HEADS ARMY-INVESTMENT OF FORT WAYNE BY THE
INDIANS-HARRISON SENDS RELIEF-WINCHESTER'S OPERATIONS AT HEAD OF
MAUMEE-HARRISON APPOINTED COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF-BUILDS FORT
WINCHESTER-PLANS FOR THE CAMPAIGN-RIGHT AND LEFT WING AND
CENTER-ROADS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS DIS-ASTROUS MENACE-EXPEDITION
OF GENERAL TUPPER TO MAUMEE RAPIDS-STORY OF CAPTAIN LOGAN THE
INDIAN-ADVANCE OF WIN-CHESTER DOWN THE MAUMEE 513
CONTENTS - XV
CHAPTER XLII-WINCHESTER'S EXPEDITION TO RIVER RAISIN
HIS VARIOUS CAMPS ON THE MAUMEE-FORTIFIES HIS POSITION ABOVE WAYNE'S
BATTLE GROUND-ORDERS ADVANCE TO FRENCHTOWNSUCCESS OF COLONEL
LEWIS-WINCHESTER MARCHES TO JOIN LEWIS -WINCHESTER'S DEFEAT AND
CAPTURE-TERRIBLE MASSACRE OF HIS TROOPS-HARRISON'S ARRIVAL AT
MAUMEE TOO LATE TO PREVENT WINCHESTER'S ADVANCE-CAUSE OF THE
DISASTER 543
CHAPTER XLIII-TERMINATION OF CAMPAIGN FOR 1812
HARRISON RETIRES TO PORTAGE RIVER-HIS CAMP NEAR PRESENT PEMBERVILLE,
OHIO-RETURNS TO MAUMEE AND LOCATES FORT MEIGSPREPARATIONS FOR
OPENING OF YEAR 1813 564
CHAPTER XLIV-HARRISON'S CAMPAIGN DURING YEAR 1813
ASSEMBLES TROOPS AT LOWER MAUMEE RAPIDS-COLONEL WOOD BUILDS FORT
MEIGS-BRITISH AND INDIANS ADVANCE FROM MALDEN-FIRST SIEGE OF FORT
MEIGS-ADVANCE OF FORCES UNDER GENERAL CLAY- STORY OF DISASTER TO
COLONEL DUDLEY-BRITISH AND INDIANS
RAISE SIEGE AFTER NINE DAYS' ATTACK-SECOND SIEGE OF FORT
MEIGS-COMPLETE STORY OF THIS IMPORTANT AMERICAN POST - 571
CHAPTER XLV-STORY OF FORT STEPHENSON
ATTACK BY BRITISH AND INDIANS-HARRISON'S MOVEMENTS AND ORDERS TO
CROGHAN-COLONEL CROGHAN'S GALLANT DEFENSE OF THE POST -BRITISH
UNDER PROCTOR RETIRE TO MALDEN-OLD "BETSY"-HARRISON PREPARES
ADVANCE AGAINST BRITISH-LOCAL STORIES OF FORT STEPHENSON-FINAL
TRIBUTE TO CROGHAN 621
CHAPTER XLVI-PERRY'S VICTORY ON LAKE ERIE
OHIO PATRIOTISM AROUSED-KENTUCKY RESPONDS WITH MORE TROOPS-PERRY
BUILDS FLEET-MEETING OF AMERICAN AND BRITISH SQUADRONS-VICTORY
GIVES AMERICANS LAKE CONTROL-SCENES AFTER THE ENGAGEMENT 637
CHAPTER XLVII-HARRISON'S CANADIAN CAMPAIGN
ASSEMBLES ARMY AT LAKE ERIE-CROSSES TO MALDEN-MARCH AGAINST THE
BRITISH-DEFEAT OF PROCTOR AT RIVER THAMES-DEATH OF TECUMSEH-
PROCTOR'S ESCAPE-AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE A REALITY 656
CHAPTER XLVIII-INDIAN MISSIONARIES. AND MISSIONS
THE JESUITS FIRST IN THE NORTHWEST-THEIR WORK IN THE MAUMEE AND
SANDUSKY REGION-STORY OF THE MORAVIANS-THEIR MARTYRDOM AND
MASSACRE-WORK OF THE FRIENDS (QUAKERS)-EARLY ACTIVITIES OF THE
PRESBYTERIANS-STORY OF JOSEPH BADGER-INDIAN MISSION ON THE
MAUMEE-THE BAPTISTS AND OTHER SECTS-UPPER SANDUSKY MISSION 681
xvi - CONTENTS
CHAPTER XLIX
EVOLUTION OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO COUNTIES
CIVIL DIVISIONS FROM TERRITORIAL DAYS DOWN TO THE PRESENTMAUMEE
AND SANDUSKY VALLEYS UNDER MANY JURISDICTIONS - 738
CHAPTER L-OHIO-MICHIGAN BOUNDARY DISPUTE
A SERIOUS AND FAR REACHING CONTROVERSY WITH MANY HUMOROUS
ASPECTS-EFFECT OF RESULT UPON NORTHWESTERN OHIO 750
CHAPTER LI-MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY RIVER SYSTEMS
OUTLINE OF THEIR TRIBUTARIES-EARLY NAVIGATION-COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
AND MILL SITES-THE BOAT BUILDING INDUSTRY-SAILING CRAFT THEN
STEAMBOATS-ADVENT OF THE CANALS-STORY OF TRANSPORTATION BEFORE
THE RAILROADS-THE PORTAGE RIVER SYSTEM 778
CHAPTER LII
FIRST SETTLERS OF THE MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY
GENERAL WAYNE'S CHOICE OF RESERVATIONS-LOCATED AT STRATEGIC
POINTS-FIRST WHITE ARRIVALS-THEIR LOCATION AND EXPERIENCES-OPENING
OF WAR OF 1812 CAUSES THEIR FLIGHT 818
CHAPTER LIII-LAST PHASE OF WAR OF 1812
BRITISH EFFORTS TO REGAIN LAKE CONTROL-ESTABLISH NAVAL BASES -THEIR
WORK AMONG THE INDIANS-WESTERN UNEASINESS OVER THE SITUATION-AID
OF THE OHIO MILITIA-THE FINIS 838
CHAPTER LIV
SETTLERS RETURN TO THE MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY
SITUATION IN THE MAUMEE SECTION-PERRYSBURG AND THEN MAUMEE
ESTABLISHED-OTHER SETTLEMENTS OPENED-A GENERAL SURVEY 853
CHAPTER LV-MORE CONCERNING THE SANDUSKY REGION
STORY OF THE WHITAKERS - OTHER EARLY SANDUSKY SETTLERS-REVIEW OF
EARLY FREMONT SECTION - OPERATIONS OF SARDIS BIRCHARD AND OTHER
PROMINENT CHARACTERS 865
CHAPTER LVI-REMINISCENCES OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO
FORT MEIGS CELEBRATION 1840-PIONEER LIFE-TRIBUTE TO THE HON. JAMES M.
ASHLEY-STORIES OF BEING LOST IN THE WILDERNESS-THE VENERABLE
HISTORIAN HOWE-OTHER PIONEER SKETCHES 898
CONTENTS - xvii
CHAPTER LVII-THE STORY OF RALPH KEELER
FROM VAGABONDIA TO LITERARY PROMINENCE-HIS BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD-A
RUNAWAY ORPHAN-CABIN BOY ON LAKE ERIE-A "NEGRO MINSTREL" ON THE
MISSISSIPPI-IN SCHOOL AT CAPE GIRARDEAU AND KENYON-CLERK IN TOLEDO
POST OFFICE-TOURS EUROPE ON FOOT AND ATTENDS OLD HEIDELBERG-MEETS
MARK TWAIN IN CALIFORNIA-ON THE LECTURE PLATFORM-GAINS LITERARY
RECOGNITION-ON EDITORIAL STAFF OF HARPER'S MAGAZINE-BANQUETS
BOSTON LITERARY GROUP-REPRESENTS NEW YORK TRIBUNE IN CUBA DURING
SPANISH REVOLUTION-HIS MYSTERIOUS DISAPPEARANCE - PROBABLY
MURDERED AT SEA - AMERICANSPANISH CORRESPONDENCE OVER THE
TRAGEDY-TRIBUTES TO KEELER'S MEMORY 937
CHAPTER LVIII-EDUCATIONAL
FIRST SCHOOLS-EARLY MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY SCHOOLS-FIRST SCHOOL
SYSTEM-HIGHER EDUCATION-COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 979
CHAPTER LIX
MAUMEE AND SANDUSKY VALLEY RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
JESUIT FATHERS-CHRISTOPHER GIST-REV. JOSEPH
BADGER-PRESBYTERIANISM-METHODISM-EARLY BAPTISTS-LUTHERANS AND
OTHER EARLY CHURCH SOCIETIES 1008
CHAPTER LX-THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM
EARLY COURTS-BENCH AND BAR OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO-STORIES AND
INCIDENTS 1097
CHAPTER LXI-NORTHWESTERN OHIO IN WARS AFTER 1812
MEXICAN WAR-THE CIVIL WAR-SPANISH - AMERICAN CONFLICT - WORLD
WAR-THE AMERICAN LEGION 1174
CHAPTER LXII-THE BEGINNING OF TOLEDO
FIRST WHITE MAN ON THE GROUND-CONTEST FOR POSSESSION-FIRST LAND
SALES-PORT LAWRENCE-VISTULA-TREMAINESVILLE-MANHATTAN-OTHER RIVAL
TOWNSITES-EARLY TRADE AND COMMERCE 1230
CHAPTER LXIII-TOLEDO A REALITY
CONSOLIDATION OF INTERESTS-TOLEDO NAMED-INCORPORATED AS A
CITY-EARLY BUSINESS INTERESTS-CONTEST FOR COUNTY SEAT OF
GOVERNMENT - EARLY MAILS - TOPOGRAPHY - BUSINESS EXPANSION 1258
xviii - CONTENTS
CHAPTER LXIV-TOLEDO REMINISCENCES
STORIES AND EXPERIENCES OF THE PIONEERS-RICHARD MOTT-JESSUP W.
SCOTT-GEN. JOHN E. HUNT-SANFORD L. COLLINS-MRS. SAMUEL ALLEN AND
OTHERS 1286
CHAPTER LXV
OLD FORTS INDUSTRY AND MIAMI 1336
CHAPTER LXVI-COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL TOLEDO
REVIEW OF EARLY AND PRESENT INDUSTRIES-MERCANTILE INTERESTS PAST
AND PRESENT-TOLEDO CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY 1365
CHAPTER LXVII-BUSINESS, SOCIAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE-PRODUCE EXCHANGE-TOLEDO CLUB-Y. M. C.
A.-NEWSBOYS-BOY SCOUTS-SOCIAL CLUBS-FRATERNAL SOCIETIES -G. A. R.
POSTS-AMERICAN LEGION 1417
CHAPTER LXVIII-CITY GOVERNMENT
NEW CITY CHARTER-TOLEDO MAYORS-FIRE DEPARTMENT-POLICE DEPARTMENT
- WATER WORKS - PARKS AND BOULEVARDS - ZOO -STREETS AND SEWERS-CITY
AND COUNTY PLANNING-ART MUSEUM -LIBRARY-HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1456
CHAPTER LXIX-PUBLIC UTILITIES
STREET RAILWAYS-LIGHTING AND HEATING-POWER SERVICE-TELEPHONES 1487
CHAPTER LXX-TOLEDO RAILROAD FACILITIES
IMPROVEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT-IMPORTANCE TO THE CITY-FIRST
RAILROAD-ERA OF RAILROAD BUILDING-HISTORY OF THE VARIOUS
LINES-ELECTRIC AND BUS TRANSPORTATION-TOLEDO AIRPORT - 1501
CHAPTER LXXI-TOLEDO'S BANKING INSTITUTIONS
FIRST BANKS-"WILD CAT" MONEY-EARLY BANKING LAWS-PRESENT BANKS AND
THEIR HISTORY-FINE FINANCIAL RECORDS 1517
CHAPTER LXXII-PUBLIC BUILDINGS
FIRST COURT HOUSE-MEMORIAL HALL-CITY HALL-POST OFFICES-TOLEDO
HOTELS 1534
CONTENTS - xix
CHAPTER LXXIII-TOLEDO NEWSPAPERS
EARLY PUBLICATIONS-THE TOLEDO BLADE-TOLEDO NEWS-BEE-TOLEDO
TIMES-OTHER PROMINENT PUBLICATIONS AND PERIODICALS-PROGRESSIVE AND
EFFICIENT 1545
CHAPTER LXXIV-TOLEDO PUBLIC SCHOOLS
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT-EARLY HISTORY-PRESENT CONDITION-BUILDINGS
AND EQUIPMENT-PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS 1554
CHAPTER LXXV-TOLEDO'S RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
EARLY CHURCH SOCIETIES-CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENT-PRESENT
ORGANIZATIONS-THE CATHOLICS-COUNCIL OF CHURCHES-JEWISH
ORGANIZATIONS 1569
CHAPTER LXXVI
PUBLIC, PHILANTHROPIC, AND CHARITABLE SERVICE
HOSPITALS-HUMANE SOCIETY-COUNTY HOME-WELFARE FARM-THE
COMMUNITY CHEST-INSTITUTIONS SERVED 1596
CHAPTER LXXVII-TOLEDO MEDICAL PROFESSION
THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY-LIST OF
PRESIDENTS-EARLY MEDICAL DAYS-MEDICAL PROGRESS AND HISTORY-THE
DENTAL PROFESSION 1607
CHAPTER LXXVIII-LUCAS COUNTY OUTSIDE OF TOLEDO
EARLIEST SETTLEMENT-AGRICULTURE-SOILS-PIONEERS-FRUIT PRODUCTION -
SCENIC BEAUTIES - COUNTY ORGANIZATION - TOWNSHIPS 1636
CHAPTER LXXIX-SANDUSKY COUNTY
ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT-TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION-MANY
THRIVING VILLAGES-REMINISCENCES 1689
CHAPTER LXXX-THE CITY OF FREMONT
LOCATED ON HISTORIC GROUND-EARLY DAYS-PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT-
BUSINESS INTERESTS-SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES-INTERESTING SIDE LIGHTS 1725
CHAPTER LXXXI-WOOD COUNTY
FOREWORD-BEFORE COUNTY WAS NAMED-EARLY RIVER SETTLERS-EARLY
NEWSPAPERS-BOWLING GREEN-SCHOOLS-CHURCHES - 1765
xx - CONTENTS
CHAPTER LXXXII
SENECA COUNTY-ITS SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY
INDIAN RESERVATIONS-EARLY SETTLERS-ORGANIZATION OF COUNTYJOSIAH
HEDGES AND TIFFIN-FIRST RAILROADS-CHOLERA EPIDEMIC -INCORPORATION OF
FORT BALL AND TIFFIN-FIRST NEWSPAPERS-EARLY TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGE
SETTLEMENTS 1801
CHAPTER LXXXIII-DEFIANCE COUNTY
CEDED BY INDIANS-FIRST STATE CASE IN COURT-COUNTY OFFICERS-EARLY
SETTLERS-TOWNS 1835
CHAPTER LXXXIV-STORY OF WYANDOT COUNTY
NATURAL FEATURES-PREHISTORIC LIFE-ORIGIN OF THE WYANDOTSEARLY
INDIAN HISTORY-COLONEL WILLIAM CRAWFORD-LAST YEARS OF THE RED
MAN-LANDMARKS-PIONEER CUSTOMS-NEWSPAPERS-TRANSPORTATION 1875
CHAPTER LXXXV-HANCOCK COUNTY
REVOLUTIONARY WAR-WAR OF 1812-FIRST SETTLERS-RECOLLECTIONS -FINDLAY
PLATTED-TRANSPORTATION-NEWSPAPERS-CHURCHES - EDUCATIONAL-
TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES 1927
CHAPTER LXXXVI-PUTNAM COUNTY
NAMED FOR GENERAL - WATERWAYS - MILITARY POST - PIONEERS -SCHOOLS
AND CHURCHES-NEWSPAPERS-OTTAWA-OTHER VILLAGES 1953
CHAPTER LXXXVII-HENRY COUNTY
WATER COURSES-EARLY SETTLERS-FIRST COURTS-EARLY OFFICERS-COUNTY
SEAT - SCHOOLS - CHURCHES - BUSINESS INTERESTS -VILLAGES 1971
CHAPTER LXXXVIII-PAULDING COUNTY
ORGANIZATION IN 1839-OLD INDIAN CEMETERY-BALLOT BOX A 'POSSUM SKIN
CAP-CHARCOAL FURNACES-EARLY COURTS-CHURCHES-PHYSICIANS-TOWNS
1983
CHAPTER LXXXIX-WILLIAMS COUNTY
PREHISTORIC MOUNDS-STREAMS IN COUNTY-EARLY SETTLERS-RELIGIOUS AND
EDUCATIONAL-TOWNS AND VILLAGES 1995
CONTENTS - xxi
CHAPTER XC-FULTON COUNTY
NAMED FOR STEAMBOAT INVENTOR-COUNTY HAS NO LARGE STREAMS-EARLY
ARRIVALS-ATTORNEYS-PHYSICIANS-NEWSPAPERS-TOWNS -RECOLLECTIONS
2007
CHAPTER XCI-OTTAWA COUNTY
IMPORTANCE IN HISTORY-FIRST OHIO MILITARY POST-ACTIVITIES IN WAR OF
1812-IN "FIRELANDS" DISTRICT-SETTLEMENTS AT DANBURY -HISTORY OF
TOWNSHIPS AND TOWNS 2025
ILLUSTRATIONS
Glacial Evidences at Kelleys Island 3
The Greenville Treaty Line 31
Cessions and Reservations in Northwestern Ohio 31
Earliest Attempt to map Great Lakes Region 59
Joliet's Map of 1674, Shows Great Lakes 59
Nicholas Sanson's Map of 1656 61
Site of Olentangy Battlefield, Crawford County 292
Old Fort Defiance Block House 335
Roche de Boeuf (Roche de Bout) 343
British Idea of the Battle of Fallen Timbers 347
The Treaty of Greenville, Some Signatures to 363
General Anthony Wayne Monument 368
Peter Navarre 512
Fort Meigs and Its Environs 573
Fort Meigs, 1813 575
Old Perry's Willow, Put-In-Bay 655
Reverend Joseph Badger 709
Maumee Indian Mission on the Maumee at Mouth of Tontogany Creek (Wood Co.) 725
Old Indian Mission Church, Built in 1824, Now Restored 735
Map Showing Original Wayne County 741
Hamilton County After Being Enlarged 741
How Ohio Counties Appeared at the Close of 18th Century 741
How Ohio Appeared When State Was Formed 741
Map Showing Division of Northwest Territory 745
Ohio County Boundary Lines in 1812 745
Ohio County Boundary Lines in 1820 745
Walk-in-the-Water, First Steamer on Lake Erie 793
The Five-Masted Schooner, David Dow 799
Turtle Island and Lighthouse, Lake Erie 99
The Indian Elm at Maumee, near Erie Street 817
Corrected Map of Engagements Along Maumee River, 1794-1813 852
Photostat of Letter of Whitaker 877
Marking Historic Ground (Marker to Memory of Seneca John) 893
Maumee City From Fort Meigs-1846 899
Advertisement—Ralph Keeler, Esq., of College Hotel 947
Ralph Keeler 970
Ralph Keeler Monument at Weston, Ohio, Cemetery 978
Main Entrance to Bowling Green State College 984
Wooster Street Entrance to Bowling Green State College 984
Heidelberg College, Two Views, Tiffin 987
Administration Building, Defiance College 995
Tenzer Hall, Defiance College 995
Main Building, Findlay College 999
Main Hall (Plan) Toledo University 1003
Bluffton College Commencement Procession 1005
Science Hall, Bluffton College 1005
Old Catholic Cemetery at La Prairie, Sandusky County 1063
St. Patrick's Catholic Church, Providence 1067
Rev. Edward Hannin 1075
St. Patrick's Church, Toledo 1077
Ursuline Academy of the Sacred Heart, Toledo 1080
Mary Manse College, Toledo 1087
Cathedral of Our Lady Queen of the Rosary, Toledo 1089
Nazareth Hall, Toledo 1093
Morrison Remick Waite 1125
Part of Staff, 111th O. V. I. (2 groups) 1185
Gun Squad C, Battery H. 1st Ohio Vol. Lt. Artillery, Army of the Potomac, April, 1863 1189
Gen. John B. Steedman 1193
xxii
ILLUSTRATIONS -xxiii
Battery H (of Toledo) 1st Ohio Vol. Lt. Artillery, in Action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3-4, 1864
1207
Old Powder Magazine on Johnson's Island 1207
Toledo Cadets, May, 1887, Took Part in Drill at Washington 1211
Site of City of Toledo, 1800 1231
Toledo in 1800, Showing Location of Fort Industry 1235
Frederick Prentice, First White Child Born in Toledo 1246
Dr. Horatio Conant, Maumee, First Valley Physician 1260
Map of City of Toledo, 1837 1262
Port Lawrence Division, Toledo, 1852 1267
Map of Toledo, 1852 1273
Plat of the Business Portion of City of Toledo, April, 1860 1283
The Family of Richard Mott (from a daguerreotype) 1287
Jessup W. Scott, Founder of Newspaper and of Toledo University 1301
Residence of Gen. John E. Hunt, Taken in Civil War Days 1309
Landing at Fort Industry (Toledo) of the First Continental Regiment of the U. S.
Infantry under Col. Thomas Hunt, June, 1803 1351
Toledo in 1866, From the East Side 1367
Toledo in 1876, From the East Side 1371
The La Salle & Koch Co.'s Department Store, Toledo 1379
The Lamson Brothers Company, Toledo 1379
Hall Block, Corner St. Clair and Jefferson streets 1387
Swan Creek—Resembling View on Old Canal 1391
Looking Toward Summit Street, from South Bank of Swan Creek About1866 1391
Airplane View of Willys-Overland Plant 1407
The Willys-Overland Company Administration Building, Toledo 1407
Airplane View of Downtown Toledo 1413
The Chamber of Commerce, Toledo 1419
Old Toledo Warehouse (1817), Drawing by Mott 1425
Wabash Elevator, No. 5, Stood on West Side of River 1425
Toledo Club 1428
Y. M. C. A., Toledo 1432
The Country Club on River Road, East Side of Maumee River 1441
The Inverness Golf Club House, Showing 18th Hole and Green 1443
Birdseye View of Courthouse Park 1457
The Toledo Museum of Art 1479
Bronze Statue of John Burroughs, by C. S. Pietro 1481
Eliza M. Kent Branch of the Toledo Public Library 1484
Erie and Kalamazoo R. R. Co. Scrip 1503
The Pioneer Railroad of the West 1505
The Island House, Built in 1854 1505
First National Bank, Toledo 1523
Northern National Bank—Toledo Trust 1523
Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Co., Toledo 1525
Madison Avenue, Toledo 1529
First Lucas County Courthouse at Toledo 1535
The Second Courthouse of Lucas County 1535
Safety Building, Toledo 1537
Toledo Post Office, Built in 1910-11 1537
Secor Hotel, Toledo 1543
The Commodore Perry Hotel, Toledo 1544
New Toledo Blade Building 1547
Nathan Hale School, Toledo 1555
Sherman School, Toledo 1555
Rev. John Eaton, Jr., Supt. of Schools, Toledo 1559
The Jessup W. Scott High School 1561
Waite High School, East Side 1561
Libbey High School, Toledo 1563
Woodward High School, Toledo 1563
New Million Dollar High School, Cherry Street, Toledo 1567
St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, Toledo 1571
New Section of the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian Church, Toledo 1571
First Congregational Church Before Older Structure Burned 1575
St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Toledo 1575
St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Facing Courthouse Square, 1874 1580
St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Facing Courthouse Square, 1924 1581
First Unitarian Church, Toledo 1585
Second Church of Christ, Scientist, Toledo 1585
Jewish Temple, Toledo 1589
xxiv - ILLUSTRATIONS
Lucas County Courthouse and McKinley Monument, Toledo 1637
Sandusky County Courthouse, Fremont 1691
Bourne's Survey (1820) of Sandusky River 1693
Hayes Memorial Building, Speigel Grove 1753
Hayes Homestead 1753
Wood County Courthouse, Bowling Green 1764
Maumee River Above Dam at Grand Rapids, Wood County 1772
Where First Methodist Class Meeting in Bowling Green Was Held 1782
Residence of George R. Ford on River Road, Below Perrysburg 1795
Seneca County Courthouse, Tiffin 1803
Monument on Site of Fort Ball, Tiffin 1821
National Home of the Aged and Infirm of the Daughters of America, Tiffin 1821
View of Largest Mineral Springs at Green Springs 1829
Down by the Old Mill Stream, Green Springs 1829
Defiance County Courthouse, Defiance 1834
Wyandot County Courthouse, Upper Sandusky 1877
Old Indian Jail, Upper Sandusky 1891
Old Shawnee Council House, Built by Indians 1891
Old Sycamore Tree—Was One of Largest East of Mississippi River 1893
Mirrored in Blue—Reflections in the Blue Pool 1893
Hancock County Courthouse, Findlay 1929
First Schoolhouse in Findlay, Built in 1827 1937
First Jail in Findlay, Built in 1829 1937
First Courthouse in Findlay, Built in 1833 1937
First Church in Hancock County, Built in 1837 1937
Old Presbyterin Church, Findlay 1945
Putnam County Courthouse, Ottawa 1952
Henry County Courthouse, Napoleon 1970
Paulding County Courthouse, Paulding 1985
Williams County Courthouse, Bryan 1997
Fulton County Courthouse, Wauseon 2009
Ottawa County Courthouse, Port Clinton 2027
Monument Erected by Joshua R. Giddings on Marblehead Peninsula as a Tribute
to Mason, Simonds and Mingus 2036
Marblehead Lighthouse, South Shore of Lake Erie 2053
Lighthouse at Present Perry and Adams streets, Port Clinton 2053
Masonic Temple, Elmore 2056
