Mahoning County Courthouse, Youngstown, Ohio

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(RETURN TO THE HOME PAGE) Preface THE aim of the publishers of this volume and the author of the history e     has been to secure for the historical portion thereof full and accurate data respecting the history of the county from the earliest times, and to condense it into a clear and interesting narrative. All topics and occurrences have been included that were essential to this object. Although the original purpose was to limit the narrative to the close of 1906, it was found expedient to touch on many matters relating to the year 1907. It is impossible for the editor to enumerate all those to whom he feels that thanks are due for assistance rendered and kindly interest taken in this work. He would, however, mention the names of W. H. McGinnis, Rev. A. L. Frazer of Youngstown, and Capt. J. C. Hartzell, of Sebring, as of those to whom he feels under special obligations. In the preparation of the history reference has been made to and in some cases extracts taken from standard historical and other works on different subjects herein treated of, the titles of which will be found mentioned in the body of the work, in connection with said extracts. Much information has also been obtained from manuscript records not heretofore published. The reviews of resolute and strenuous lives which make up the biographical department of this volume, and whose authorship is for the most part independent of that of the history, are admirably calculated to foster local ties, to inculcate patriotism, and to emphasize the rewards of industry dominated by intelligent purpose. They constitute a most appropriate medium of perpetuating personal annals and will be of incalculable value to the descendants of those commemorated. These sketches, replete with stirring incidents and intense experiences, are flavored with a strong human interest that will naturally prove to a large portion of the readers of this hook its most attractive feature. In the aggregate of personal memoirs thus collated will be found a vivid epitome of the growth of Mahoning county, which will fitly supplement the historical statement, for the development is identified with that of the men and women to whom it is attributable. The publishers have endeavored to pass over no feature of the work slightingly, but to fittingly supplement the editor's labors by exercising care over the minutest details of publication, and thus give to the volume the three-fold value of a readable narrative, a useful work of reference, and a tasteful ornament to the library. We believe the result has justified the care thus exercised. Special prominence has been given to the portraits of representative citizens which appear throughout this volume, and we believe that they will prove not its least interesting feature. We have sought in this department to illustrate the different spheres of industrial and professional achievement as conspicuously as possible. To all those who have kindly interested themselves in the successful preparation of this work, and who have voluntarily contributed most useful information and data, or rendered other assistance, we hereby tender our grateful acknowledgments. THE PUBLISHERS. Chicago, Ill., September. 1907. Note "All the biographical sketches published in this volume were submitted to their respective subjects or to the subscribers, from whom the facts were primarily obtained, for their approval or correction before going to press ; and a reasonable time was allowed in each case for the return of the type-written copies. Most of them were returned to us within the time allotted, or before the work was printed, after being corrected or revised ; and these may therefore be regarded as reasonably accurate. "A few, however, were not returned to us ; and, as we have no means of knowing whether they contain errors or not, we cannot vouch for their accuracy. In justice to our readers, and to render this work more valuable for reference purposes, we have indicated these uncorrected sketches by a small asterisk (*) placed immediately after the name of the subject. They will all he found on the last pages of the book.'' BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING CO. Contents CHAPTER I GEOLOGY - 21 Geological Structure of the State—The Geological Foundations of Ohio of Marine Origin—Prehistoric Conditions—First Land Plants: Origin of Coal Fields—First Permanent Dry Land—Age of Reptiles: First Mammals--The Glacial Period—Effect of Glacial Action on the Landscape—Surface Features of Mahoning County—Geological Structure of Mahoning County—Conglomerate—Fossil Nuts and Fruits of the Carboniferous Age Found in Mahoning County. CHAPTER II PREHISTORIC RACES - 31 Speculation on the Origin of the American Race- Antiquity of Man in America—Probable European Origin of the American Races—The Mound Builders. CHAPTER III FRENCH DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS - 34 Early French Explorers—Verrazano, Cartier and Roberval—Expedition of DeMonts—Champlain explores Acadia—Establishment of Missions—First English Opposition—Attacks by the Indians—Exploration of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi. CHAPTER IV INDIAN OCCUPANCY - 39 The Iroquois—Their Famous League, Habits and Costumes—The Algonquins, Their Commerce, Picture-Writing and Religion--Indian Warfare—Iroquois Conquests—Extermination of the Eries—The Chahta-Muskoki Stock. CHAPTER V COLONIAL CHARTERS AND LAND TITLES - 44 Erroneous Ideas of Early Navigators and Geographers—Attempts to Reach the South Sea Overland—Virginia's Charters—Massachusetts' Charters—The Grant to Penn—Overlapping Boundaries—Dispute with Viriginia—Connecticut's Claims—Conflict with Pennsylvania—Council of Trenton—Western Reserve. CHAPTER VI THE NORTHWEST WRESTED FROM FRANCE - 50 American History Influenced by the Iroquois—Indian Cessions—English Settlers Cross the Mountains—The French Precipitate the War—Pontiac's Conspiracy—Boquet's Expedition. CHAPTER VII THE TRANSITION PERIOD-FROM WAR TO WAR - 57 English Jealousy of the Colonies—Lord Dunmore's War—Frontier Characters—First White Man's House in Ohio—Military Expeditions to the West—Martial Law—George III. Forbids Western Settlement. 12 - CONTENTS CHAPTER VIII EXPEDITION OF GEORGE ROGERS CLARK - 62 Clark's Project—Capture of Forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Vincennes—The British Try to Recover the Forts—Project Against Detroit Abandoned—Disappearance of the French Population—The British Retain the Northwestern Forts after the Treaty of Paris. CHAPTER IX STATE CESSIONS - 65 A New Phase of the Land Question—Maryland's Proposal—National Ownership Proposed by Rhode Island—Delay in Ratifying the Articles—Claims of the Indiana and Other Companies—New York Makes the First Cession—Conditional Cessions—Unconditional Cessions Urged by Congress—Triumph of the National Idea. CHAPTER X SALE OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 71 Division into Townships—The Parsons Purchase—The Fire Lands—The Act of 1795—Sales to the Connecticut Land Company. CHAPTER XI THE CONNECTICUT LAND COMPANY - 75 Articles of Association—The Excess Company—The Company's Title Perfected—Ordinance of 1747—Extinction of the Indian Title—Survey of the Reserve—Quantity of Land in the Reserve—The Equalizing Committee—Mode of Partition—The Drafts. CHAPTER XII. THE SETTLEMENT OF OHIO - 87 Land Bounties—The Ohio Company—Founding of Marietta—Abundance of Game—Th o Moravian Settlements—Founding of Columbia, Cincinnati and North Bend—Floods Damage the Settlements—The Scioto Land Swindle—The Virginia Military District. CHAPTER XIII SETTLEMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF MAHONING COUNTY - 97 Lines of Development—Date of the First Settlement on the Reserve—First Wheat Cut on the Reserve—First Postal Service—Early Conditions of Life—A Primitive Time Threshing—Bounty on Wolf Scalps—Olden School Days—Early Youngstown Citizens—Draft of 1812—Homemade Soap—The Old Ash Hopper—Soap Spookery—The Old Ashery—The Stage Driver—Matches Unknown—If Fires All Went Out--Wild Pigeons; Where are They?—Pioneer Milling Enterprises—Slavery—County Seat Located—Early Elections--First County Seat Issue—Useless Legislation—Renewal of the Strife—Some Interesting Old Letters—County Seat Changed. CHAPTER XIV COUNTY OFFICIALS SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF MAHONING COUNTY - 118 Auditors—Sheriffs—County Commissioners—Treasurers—Recorders—Prosecuting Attorneys—Probate Judges—State Representatives—State Senators—Vote for Governor. CHAPTER XV YOUNGSTOWN—THE COUNTY SEAT - 122 Laid Out by John Young—First Events—Discovery of Coal—Judge Kirtland's Reminiscences— Celebrating the Fourth —First Murder Trial—Pioneer Schools—Feminine Costumes—Wet Seasons of 1810-1812—Early Amusements—Pioneer Houses—Elections—Incorporation—City of the Second Class—Extensions of Limits—Mayors of Youngstown—Other Officials— Youngstown Citizens in 1841—Cemeteries—Parks—Water Works and Filter Plant—Fire Department—Police Department—Mahoning & Shenango Railway & Light Company—Board of Trade and Chamber of Commerce—Mahoning Gas Fuel Co.—Telephone Companies— Humane Society—Opera House—Park Theatre —A Few Statistics—Notable Person ages. CONTENTS - 13 CHAPTER XVI TOWNSHIPS AND TOWNS - 169 Settlement and Organization of the Townships—Settlement and Founding of the Towns—Sketches of Lowellville Canfield, Poland, Petersburg, Sebring and other Towns. CHAPTER XVII TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL - 231 Introductory—Railroad Era—Erie Railroad—Pennsylvania Lines —Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway—Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad—Baltimore & Ohio Railroad—Youngstown & Southern Railway. CHAPTER XVIII THE COAL AND IRON INDUSTRIES - 246 The County Formerly an Important Coal Mining Center—Extensive Operations—The Man9facture of Iron an Old Established and Leading Industry of the Mahoning Valley—A Large Amount of Capital Invested in These Two Industries in Mahoning County. CHAPTER XIX. MANUFACTURES - 251 The County's Chief Manufacturing Establishments. CHAPTER XX BANKS AND BANKING - 271 Youngstown Banks—First National—Mahoning National—Commercial National—Dollar Savings and Trust Co.—Home Savings and Loan Co.—Equity Savings and Loan Co.—Youngstown Savings and Banking Co.—International Bank. CHAPTER XXI THE BENCH AND BAR - 279 Its Early History—First Court and First Lawyers—Great Lawyers of Former Years—The Present Bar and Its High Standing. CHAPTER XXII. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION - 319 Eminent Physicians of the Past and of the Present. CHAPTER XXIII. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT - 341 First Churches and Pioneer Ministers—General History of Religious Organizations—Churches and Clergy of Today. CHAPTER XXIV. EDUCATION - 374 The Public and Parochial Schools of the County—Their Growth and Present Efficiency—Some of the Early Educators—The Growth and Progress of the Public Schools of Youngstown and Their Present Encouraging Condition. CHAPTER XXV. FRATERNAL AND B ENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS - 386 Free Masons—Odd Fellows—Elks—Knights of Pythias—Knights of the Golden Eagle—National Protective Legion—Other Societies. 14 - CONTENTS CHAPTER XXVI PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS - 399 County Infirmary--Youngstown Free Public Library—Youngstown City Hospital—Mahoning Valley Hospital—Glenwood Children's Home—Florence Crittenden Home. CHAPTER XXVII MILITARY HISTORY OF THE COUNTY - 411 War of 1812 —Mexican War—War of the Rebellion--Spanish-American War. CHAPTER XXVIII THE PRESS - 427 Newspapers and Editors of the Past and Present. BIOGRAPHICAL - 415 INDEX Biographical Adams, AsaelAsael E. 496 Agnew, Charles T. 473 Allan, James 792 Allison, E. E. 1023 Anderson, Emil J. 937 Anderson, William S. 750 Andrews. Chauncy Humason 441 Arms Myron I. 868 Arrel, Hon. George Francis 482 Arrel. James T. 1015 Bailey. Benjamin F. 709 Bailey, Seth Lucian 835 Baird, Uries 932 Baker. George A. 529 Baldwin, Hon. Frank L. 561 Baldwin, George 548 Baldwin. Rolland E. 736 Baldwin, Benjamin Pitney 789 Barber. Frank 522 Barber, John E. 562 Bardo. Howard F. 889 Bare, Elias 1019 Barger. Louis F. 851 Bashaw, George M. 656 Batzli, David 937 Beard. George Sylvanus 449 Beard, Freeman H. 481 Beard. John 497 Beard, Monroe 659 Beardsley & Son. Almus 783 Beardsley, Ensign N. 863 Beardsley. Hiram J. 784 Beck, David 612 Becker, John L. 825 Beecher, Walter A. 982 Behan. Timothy 942 Beight. Isaac 626 Beight. William 870 Bennett, James H. 804 Bentley. Robert 683 Birmingham. James C. 889 Blaine. William M. 1002 Bodenhorn George W. 587 Bonnell. Harry 688 Bonnell. Henry O. 899 Bonnell, John Meek 535 Bonnell. Joseph Fearnley 481 Bonnell, William 1020 Bonnell, William Scott 980 Bonnell. William W. 513 Boohecker, Jacob 674 Booth, Lloyd 579 Botsford, Gen. James L. 642 Boyle, Elson P. 664 Bradshaw. Samuel E. 826 Brenner, Conrad F. 657 Brenner, John 763 Brown, Ensign N. 618 Brown, Harvey 0. 812 Brown. Jeremiah 782 Brown. Joseph Henry 607 Brown. Richard 585 Brownlee, Edwin A., M. D. 778 Brownlee. James A. 496 Brownlee, Ross W. 712 Brownlee, William W. 462 Brungard, Edward C. 733 Brunsteter, Samuel 1025 Buechner, W. H., M. D. 900 Buehrle, Albert H. 1029 Buehrle, Voltaire J. 1016 Burke, Sylvester L. 552 Burnett, Reuben D. 725 Burton, Albert 550 Burton, Joseph S. 741 Burton. Robert L. 571 Bush, B. P. 630 Butler, James 611 Butler. Jr., J. G. 718 Bye, H. G. 1017 Callahan. Irving 967 Calvin. Jo. V. 803 Campbell. Bruce R. 813 Campbell, James A. 720 Campbell. Prosser S. 897 Campbell. Theodore 633 Canfield Lumber Co. The 795 Cassaday, William G. 822 Cattell, Isaac 864 Chambers, James B. 713 Chambers, John V. M. D. 470 Chambers. William 482 Chaney, Dr. N. H. 595 Chubb. William Allen 950 Clark, Addison, M., M. D. 747 Clark. Mrs. Hettie J. 917 Clark, Myron Sobieski, M. D. 761 Clegg. S. B. 736 ClemmClemmens,les 890 Clemmens, Shannon Jefferson 878 Clingan, French F. 965 Cochel, Andrew W. 703 Cockran, Chauncy A. 442 Cockran, Lucius E. 438 Connell. Thomas E. 944 Cook, Jesse 821 Cook, John C. 557 Cook, George A. 619 Cook, Gordon 853 Cooper, D. P. 879 Cooper, James A. 740 Cover, Alonzo B. 682 Cowden. Jasper Newton, M.D. 572 Coy, L. D., M. D. 734 Coy, Mrs. Lovina B. 602 Craver, A. W. 943 Crawford, Smith 836 Creed, John A. 732 Creed, Thomas A. 859 Creed, William H. 851 Crim, Gallus 883 Crockett, Mrs. Elizabeth 596 Crumrine, David 882 Cunningham Jesse 789 Cunningham, M. V., M. D. 939 Davey, Thomas E. 1026 Davies, Howell C., M. D. 945 Davies, W. I. 594 Davis, H. W. 928 Davis, Hon. John R. 448 Davis. Lewis E. 681 Dawes, Samuel 680 Dawson, John Alford 684 De Camo, Thomas P. 935 Delfs. John 746 Dennison, Myron E. 809 De Normandie, Frank. L. 603 Detchon, Alfred 852 Detchon, Cyrus 839 Detchon, John C. 975 Dickson. Robert W. 773 Dill, Gilbert M. 620 Dill, S. J. 866 Dingledy, George L. 932 Doeright. Gus A. 814 Douglass, W. S. 976 Duesing. H. F. 931 Dunn, Mrs. Susannah R. 674 Durr, Michael 697 16 - INDEX Dustman, Isaiah 556 Dustman, Jacob 836 Eckert, William H. 625 Edwards, J. Howard 576 Elder, William C. 865 Ellett, Elmer 610 Elser, Solomon 489 English, Sylvester 1027 Ernst, Harry A. 967 Euwer's Sons, John N. 724 Evans, Mason 527 Ewing, Samuel 0. 464 Felger, John P. 587 Fenton, George Campbell 841 Fenton, Richard H. 1023 Fink. John F. 832 Fitch, Charles W. 850 Fitch, Jesse B. 758 Fitch, John H. 756 FitzSimons, W. J. 897 Floor, John M., M. D. 768 Fogg, Albert 565 Force, A. F. 861 Ford, John S. 925 Fordyce, George Lincoln 580 Foster, Col. Lemuel T. 903 Frank John 975 Frech, John 799 Garlick, Henry M. 982 Garlick, Richard 935 Gault, Gibson J. 890 Gault. John 862 Geiger, Frank B. 616 Gibson, H. G. 943 Gibson, John 947 Gibson, Samuel 461 Gibson, William T. 547 Gilbert, John E. 565 Gillespie, A. J. 91! Gilmore. A. B. 925 Glazzard, George H. 943 Gluck, Louis 907 Good, David 450 Goodman. Jonas 526 Goodman, Eli 582 Graham, W. R. 598 Grant, H. W. 749 Gray, John E. 765 Gray, Robert 983 Greenawalt, Abraham 867 Griffith, Hon. David F. 981 Grove, Martin 563 Gunder, Henry M. 804 Guthman, Roy I. 1012 Hagan. Philip 632 Hahn, H.. M. D. 465 Hall, Tillman 892 Hall, W. B. 762 Haller, Frank B. 780 Hamilton, Harry G. 945 Hamilton. Homer 948 Hamilton, J. J. 902 Hamory, Gustave V. 809 Haney. J. G. 923 Hanni, John C. 566 Harding, George W. 739 Harrold, Joseph 486 Hartzell, Chester W. 633 Haynes, Calvin T. 704 Heasley, Henry 701 Heck, Solomon J. 641 Heinselman, David 698 Heintzelman, Henry Clinton 505 Heisler, Henry 702 Heller, Adolph 839 Heller. Louis 897 Helrigle, Thomas J. 929 Helsel, Jacob 800 Henry, George W. 624 Higgins, Martin C. 891 Hine, Cecil D., A. M. 451 Hine Family, The 956 Hitchcock, Frank 755 Hoffman. Joseph 903 Hole, Caleb 620 Hole, Norman W M.D. 872 Houk, Ezra A. 714 Hubler, Pyatt W. 695 Hughes, Wallace K., M. D. 695 Ilgenfritz, Isaac K. 988 Ilgenfritz, John 1005 Isreal, Henry 513 Jacobs, C. Grant 589 Jacobs, Frank 816 Jacobs. Lewis J. 921 Jacobs, R. H. 706 Jackson. John C. 714 Jackson. Sidney DeLamar 485 James, Samuel 880 Johnson, Alfred 966 Johnson, Nils P. 1010 Johnston, Hon. Joseph R. 447 Jones, Paul 487 Jones, Prior T. 999 Jones, Thomas B. 637 Jones, Virgil E. 833 Jones, W. B. 831 Jones, William B. 609 Jones, W. D. 978 Jordan, George S. 732 Judd, A. F. 969 Justice, C. R., M. D. 527 Justice, Dolphus Columbus 573 Kale, Andrew 749 Kale, Emory 762 Kale. W. H. 668 Kean, George 1027 Keefer. Jacob F. 884 Keeler, Frederick 801 Kelley. H. M. 940 Kennedy, Alexander 610 Kennedy, C. H. 747 Kennedy, Hon. James 533 Kennedy, Hon. James 466 Kennedy, James P. 704 Kennedy, Patrick M. 753 Kenreich. Elias 881 Kenreigh, Noah S. 530 Kidd, John W. 781 Kimmel, Martin A. 534 King, Fred B. 829 King, Joseph 748 Kinsey, George B. 893 Kirk, Andrew 1016 Kirk, John C. 777 Kirkbride, Mahlon 922 Kirtland. Charles Newton 555 Kirtland. Cook Fitch 455 Kirtland. Family, The 518 Kistler, Mrs. Elizabeth 549 Kistler, U. F. 870 Kline, Jonathan Allen 796 Kling, Herman F. 941 Kiute, Rev John 663 Knauf. Frank 755 Knauf, Nicholas 924 Knauf, Thomas L. 709 Knesal, Andrew 660 Knesal Bros. 940 Knesal, Edward Louis 920 Knesal, George Evelyn 919 Knight. Addis E. 976 Knox. Charles C. 772 Kroeck, Andrew 735 Kroeck, August D. C. 909 Kuhns, John W. 950 Kurz, Rudolph 955 Kyle. William H. 969 Lance, C. C. 973 Lanterman, Mrs. Sally Ann 973 Lawrence, Jacob C. 728 Lazarus, Daniel 576 Lee, Bernard Ford 604 Leeworthy. Henry J. 926 Liddle. Edward B. 830 Liddle, Mark H. 731 Liggett, James 720 Lightner, S. H. 825 Lipp, Solomon 692 Lippiatt. Joseph 691 Livingstone, Duncan 1021 Lloyd. Abel P. 900 Lloyd, John S. 536 Lloyd, Richard, Jr. 806 Loller. W. H. 680 Lomasney, L. J. 851 Lomax. William J. 993 Loney. John 581 Love, William P., M. D. 757 Lowry, L. H. E. 865 Lynn, Elmer Rush 810 Lyon, Arthur M. 1024 McBride, William Dickson 860 McCartney, Joseph G. 623 McCauley, D. O. 1029 McClure, George M. 629 McCurdy, Robert 435 McCurdy. Sidney, M. D. 714 McDonald, Duncan 887 McElevey. William Donnell 912 McElroy. Hugh L. 984 INDEX - 17 McEwen, J. Harris 754 McGinnis. William H. 479 McKay, James M. 802 McKelvey, Emery Lawson 535 McKelvey, George M. 615 McKinney, John 893 McNeilly, James Porter 873 McNeilly. Samuel A. 911 McVey. John E. 569 McVey, Thomas J. 855 Maag. William Frederick 826 Mackey, David 723 Mackey, James 511 Mackey, Hon. Robert 501 Maline, William A. 812 Malmsberry, Rev. George B. 869 Malmsberry, Joel 582 Manchester, Hon. Hugh A. 593 Manchester. Robert A. 914 Mansfield, Ira F. 877 Mariner, Wilbert 844 Marks, Jonathan J. 819 Marlow, William 898 Matteson. Charles F. 930 Matthews. Bruce S. 494 Mattis, Fred 611 May. William 763 Mead. Thomas 793 Mead, William P. 590 Mears, Rev. Edward 660 Meiter, Andrew W. 942 Meiter, George E. 834 Messerly, Mrs. Lydia 618 Middagh, James K. 683 Middleton, Rev. Charles F. 928 Middleton, J. H. 612 Middleton, Joel 767 Miller, Albert J. 974 Miller. Edward 666 Miller, E. G. 719 Miller, George P. 619 Miller, John H. 871 Miller, John S. 843 Miller. Wilson L. 452 Millikin. George W. 829 Mitchell. John S. 672 Montgomery, George H. 638 Montgomery. Hon. Randall 791 Moore, Hon. Edmond H. 741 Moore, John A. 727 Moore. William B. 985 Morgan. D. J. 630 Morris, David G. 939 Morrison, John D. 792 Morrison. William A., M. D. 697 Morse. Henry K. 539 Murray. R. B. 842 Neff. Martin 963 Niedermeier, Henry 782 Neilson, James 671 Nesbitt. John W. 596 Nevin. James E. 823 Nixon. William C. 718 Norris. N. L. 941 Nutt, James H. 742 Obenauf, Lewis F. 463 Obenauf, Theodore 507 Obendorfer. M. 801 Oesch, Frank L. 691 Ohl, Charles F. 781 Orr Fred M. 936 Orr John S. 910 Osborn, Joseph W. 766 Osborne, Calvin 701 Osborne, Clyde W. 563 Owsley, Charles H. 728 Palmer, Tobias 642 Park, James 846 Park, W. H. 1029 Parrock, Thomas 1023 Parry, W J. 920 Perkins Brothers 931 Peters. Obediah 637 Pettit, Mordecai L. 913 Phillips, Jacob 574 Price, James S. 771 Pothour, David 550 Powell, William 929 Powers, Madison J. 665 Probst, Frank E. 968 Pyle, S. G. 804 Redman, Joseph F. 930 Reed, Barnabas 1001 Reed. William H. 1011 Reese, John D. 1018 Renner, Jr., George J. 501 Reesh, Andrew 855 Rhodes, Mrs. Sarah 868 Riblet, Horatio 558 Riblet, Philip 573 Riblet, William W. 717 Rice, Alfred H. 987 Richards, Daniel I. 873 Richards, Samuel A. 887 Ripley. Warren L. 853 Ripple, George W. 901 Robinson, Elmer C. 849 Robison, John 750 Robison. L. A. 632 Roller, Charles J. 856 Roller, David J. 1028 Roller, Samuel W. 927 Rose, D. L. 965 Rose, Hon. George E. 996 Rudge, J. Edgar 634 Ruhlman, Ephraim 488 Ruhlman, William Henry 557 Ruppert. Jacob W. 790 Rush, Isaac 1017 Sanderson, Gen. Thomas W. 436 Santee. Gideon E. 608 Sanzenbacher, John 824 Schnurrenberger, Joseph C. 562 Schnurrenberger, J. H., M.D. 710 Schiller, John H. 688 Scholl, W. J. 927 Seachrist, Jacob W. 598 Seeger. John Daniel    590 Shaffer, Samuel R. 939 Shank, John A. 668 Shearer, Samuel J. 794 Sheehy Family, The 649 Shields, James Davidson 601 Shields, James H. 655 Shinn, Albert R. 894 Shipton, William 860 Shirey, William D. 966 Shook, Silas 946 Shreve, Charles H. 866 Shreve, Eli T. 528 Shreve. Mrs. Elizabeth 735 Shriver, Charles E. 1013 Silver, Allen 745 Simon, Cornelius 504 Simon, Jesse 457 Simon John 472 Sipe, David 597 Sipe, Ephraim E. 566 Smith, Alfred 974 Smith, Henry D. 805 Smith. Joseph Arrel 687 Snyder. Jeremiah P. 994 Spear, Horace W. 874 Squire, John R. 1006 Stambaugh, Capt. Daniel B. 456 Stambaugh, David W. 979 Stambaugh, Henry H. 544 Stambaugh, John 996 Stambaugh, Jr., John 974 Steese, R. C. 754 Steiner, David 898 Stewart, David G. 679 Stewart, David H. 845 Stewart, Lauren W. 617 Stouffer, David E. 640 Stratton, William H. 831 Strawn, Edgar 603 Strawn, John S. 574 Strouss, Isaac 1018 Swanston, William 977 Swartz, Hughes 884 Taber, Joseph R. 870 Tayler. Robert W. 1000 Tayler, Wick 514 Taylor, Robert Samuel 944 Thoman, Alvin 651 Thomas, Arnold D. 668 Thomas, B. Frank 667 Thomas, John G. 985 Thomas, John J., M. D. 884 Thomas, William 595 Thomas, Sons, J. R. 667 Thompson, R. F. 913 Thompson, Samuel M. 772 Thompson. W. J. 978 Tobey. George E. 815 Tod, Hon. David 541 Tod. George 946 Tod. Henry 525 Tod, John 549 Tod, William 517 Traut, William 1021 Truesdale, Charles R. 443 Truesdale, Chase T. 793 Truesdale, Jackson. M. D. 502 Truesdale, Seth H., M. D. 689 18 - INDEX Unstead, Robert F. 617 Urmson, Ralph 690 Vail, James W. 834 Van Alstine, T. B. 919 Van Fleet, John 471 Vogan, James E., M. D. 794 Warhurst. George 819 Warren. Jr., Jacob 926 Weaver, Menno M. 1012 Weaver, Samuel 811 Weaver, Tilman 658 Webb, John M. 774 Webber, Moses 451 Wehr, Myron I. 557 Welch, Harry E., M. D. 740 Welker. William Howard 696 Wells, Charles B. 914 Wells, Thomas H. 469 Welsh, Ezra C. 705 Werren. Christian 843 Werren, Christian 1019 Werren, Samuel 852 Wetmore, Charles R. 813 Wetmore. Luther Edwards 820 White, Francis 575 White. John 711 Whitslar. Grant S. 922 Wick, Caleb B. 502 Wick, Col. Caleb B. 474 Wick, Henry 638 Wick, John C. 551 Wick, Henry K. 462 Wick. Hugh Bryson 508 Wick. Paul 923 Williams. Harry W. 589 Williams. Homer S. 936 Williamson. Joseph 921 Wilson, Craig Brown 631 Wilson. George C. 651 Wilson, James P. 710 Windle. Henry J. 639 Winter. Charles Frederick 779 Wire, Welsh & Co. 823 Wirt. Hon. Benjamin F. 493 Woodman. Thaddeus F. 892 Woods. Clarke 571 Woolley. Jeremiah Richard 552 Yager. George 938 Yeager. Uriah Watson 881 Young. Lewis Henry 444 Zimmerman, Abraham 861 Illustrations B. & O. Railroad Station, Youngstown 396 CHURCHES— First Baptist Church, Youngstown 358 First Presbyterian Church, Youngstown 358 Central Christian Church, Youngstown 138 Helen Chapel, Youngstown 358 Old M. E. Church, Poland 188 Presbyterian Church, Canfield 206 Richard Brown Memorial Chapel, Youngstown 62 St. Columba's Church and Parsonage, Youngstown 328 St. John's Episcopal Church, Youngstown 62 St. Joseph's Church, Youngstown 328 Trinity M. E. Church, Youngstown 328 United Presbyterian Church, Boardman Center 328 Westminster Presbyterian Church, Youngstown 358 Cemetery, Calvary, Entrance to 102 Cemetery, Oak Hill, Entrance to 102 Children's Home, Youngstown 404 Cunningham Furniture & Undertaking Co., Store of Lowe!Mlle 786 Dollar Savings & Trust Co., The, Youngstown 276 Elk's Club, Youngstown 396 Federal Building. Youngstown 396 International Bank, Youngstown 276 I. O. 0. F. Building, Youngstown 396 IRON AND STEEL PLANTS— Bessemer Plant, Republic Iron & Steel Co., Youngstown 260 Furnaces of the Struthers Furnace Co Struthers 260 Haselton Furnaces of the Republic Iron & Steel Co., Youngstown 260 Ohio Furnaces. Carnegie Steel Co., Youngstown 260 Ohio Works, Carnegie Steel Co., Youngstown 276 John Frech Building, Lowellville 238 Kurz Block, Youngstown 952 Lanterman's Mill and Falls 92 Library. Reuben McMillen Free Public. Youngstown 80 Log House, Thorne Hill, Coitsville Township 206 Lomax. William J.. Store of, Lowellville 990 Mahoning County Court House, Youngstown 114 Mahoning County Infirmary, Canfield 188 Mahoning Valley Hospital, Youngstown 114 New Mahoning County Court House 114 Old Mahoning Court House, Canfield 114 Original Poland Union Seminary 188 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS— Immaculate Conception School. Youngstown 380 St. Columba's School and Ursuline Convent, Youngstown 380 St. Joseph's School, Youngstown 396 Pioneer Pavilion 92 PORTRAITS— Andrews, Chauncey H. 440  Arrel, James T 1012  Baldwin, Hon. Frank L. 560 Booth, Lloyd 578 Brown, Joseph H. 606 Brown, Richard 584 Clark, Gen. George Rogers 54 Clark, Mrs. Hettie J. 916 Clark, Myron S., M. D. 916 Creed, Mrs. Ella P. 858 Creed, Thomas A. 858 Cunningham, Jesse 787 DeCamp, Mrs. Sally Ann 934 DeCamp, Thomas P. 934 Frech, John 798 Gibson, Samuel 460 Gibson, William T. 546 Gluck, Mr. and Mrs. Louis 906 Hamory, Gustav V. 808 Harding, George W. 738 Harding, Mrs. Lucretia M. 738 Harmer, Gen. Josiah 54 Harrison, Gen. William H. 54 Heller, Adolph 838 Heller, Louis 896 Hughes. Wallace K., M. D. 694 Ilgenfritz, John 1004 Ilgenfritz, Mrs. Mary M. 1004 Jackson. Sidney DeL. 484 Johnston, Hon. Joseph R. 446 Jones. Prior T. 998 Jones, Thomas B. 636 Kennedy, Hon. James 532 Kennedy. Patrick M. 752 Kirk. John C. 776 Kirtland, Charles N. 554 Kirtland, Cook F. 454 Klute, Rev. John 662 Knauf, Thomas L. 708 Kurz. Rudolph 954 Lanterman, German 953 Lanterman, Mrs. Sally Ann 972 Liddle, Mark H. 730 Lomax. William J. 992 McCurdy, Robert 434 McGinnis, Mrs. Mary M. 477 McGinnis. William H. 476 McCartney, Joseph G. 622 McClure, George M. 628 McKelvey, George M. 614 McVey, John E. 568 Mackey, David 722 20 - INDEX Mackey, James 510 Mackey, Robert 500 Manchester, Hon. Hugh A. 592 Mansfield, Hon. Ira F. 876 Millikin. George W. 828 Millikin, Mrs. Mary C. 828 Morse, Henry K. 538 Neilson, James 670 Osborne, Calvin 700 Price, James S. 770 Riblet, William W. 716 Richards, Samuel A. 886 Robinson, Elmer C. 848 Sanderson, Gen. T. W. Frontispiece Shields. James D. 600 Shields. James H. 654 Silver. Mr. and Mrs. Allen, daughter, grandson and great-grandchild 744 Smith, Joseph Arrel 686 St. Clair, Gen. Arthur 54 Stewart, David 676 Stewart, Mrs. Elizabeth H. 676 Tod, Henry 524 Tod, William 516 Warhurst, Mr. and Mrs. George 818 Wayne, Gen. Anthony 54 Wells, Thomas H. 468 Wilson, George C. 644 Wilson, Mrs. George C. 645 Wirt, Hon. Benjamin F. 492 PUBLIC SCHOOLS- Delason Avenue Public School, Youngstown. 80 Central School, Youngstown (with Post-office) 80 Parmelee School. Youngstown 138 Public School, Lowellville 206 Public School, Struthers 206 Rayen High School. Youngstown 138 Union School, Poland 188 RESIDENCES— Andrews, Mrs. C. H . Youngstown 152 Arms, Myron I.. Youngstown 62 Hamilton, H. G.. Youngstown 152 McCartney, Joseph G., Coitsville Township 188 Mackey, Mr.:. Kate M., Youngstown 62 McKinley Home. Poland 206 Oakland Farm. Residence of Mrs. George C. Wilson Youngstown 648 Old Price Homestead, Coitsville Township 206 Stewart. David G., Coitsville Township 677 Tod, George, Youngstown 152 Wick, Henry K.. Youngstown 152 Sparrow Tavern, Poland 188 Stand Pipe, Youngstown 138 Terminal Station of the Youngstown & Southern Railway, Youngstown 238 Tod House, Youngstown 396 Tod Lane, Views of 102 View on the Line of the Youngstown & Southern Railway, Youngstown 238 View on the Line of the Youngstown & Southern Railway, near Youngstown 238 Y. M. C. A. Building. Youngstown 138 Youngstown City Hospital 404 Youngstown Post Office (with Central School) 80 Youngstown City Hall and Jail 80 "YOUNGSTOWN VIEWS— Looking East from Colonial Hotel 92 Public Square 92 Scene in Mill Creek Park 102 West Federal Street, Looking West 380